GHK-Cu

GHK-Cu, also known as Copper Tripeptide-1, is a naturally occurring peptide composed of three amino acids—glycine, histidine, and lysine—bound to a copper ion. This peptide-copper complex is critical for many physiological processes, including wound healing, tissue repair, and skin regeneration. GHK-Cu has been shown to upregulate genes involved in anti-inflammatory and antioxidant defense pathways while simultaneously down-regulating genes associated with inflammation and tissue degradation. One of its most well-documented functions is its ability to promote collagen production and elastin synthesis, which are key elements of tissue repair and skin integrity.

GHK-Cu also plays a crucial role in modulating the extracellular matrix by enhancing the removal of damaged proteins and accelerating tissue remodeling. In addition to its regenerative properties, GHK-Cu has been studied for its potential effects on gene expression, including DNA repair, cell differentiation, and the suppression of oxidative stress. Its affinity for binding copper is essential because copper is a cofactor for numerous enzymes that are involved in tissue regeneration and repair, including lysyl oxidase, which is necessary for collagen and elastin cross-linking. Due to these diverse biological activities, GHK-Cu has become a focal point in anti-aging, wound healing, and tissue repair research.